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Tuesday, February 24, 2015
The Lead Generation Company: Managing the Risks
Thursday, October 17, 2013
Elder Financial Abuse: Prevention and Remedies
It is unfathomable to me that schemes to defraud the elderly are so pervasive. These seniors are attractive targets for financial exploitation. They are taken advantage of by scam artists, financial advisors, family members, friends, acquaintances, caregivers, home repair contractors, real estate firms, residential mortgage loan originators, credit repair companies, stock brokers, accountants, lawyers, collection agents, appraisers, fiduciaries, guardians, unscrupulous professionals and business people (or those posing as such), pastors, annuity salespersons, and doctors.
It is not news at this point that financial exploitation is a common form of elder abuse and that only a small fraction of incidents is reported to federal, state, or local enforcement authorities, despite persistent efforts by private companies and government agencies to slow its growth.
Predator and Victim
Why target the elderly? Because older adults often have retirement savings, accumulated home equity, or other assets. Combine those factors with a likelihood of eventual physical or mental impairments, a range of cognitive disabilities, emotional decline, isolation, loneliness, health problems, loss of a partner, family, or friend – all contributing to being vulnerable to financial exploitation and scams – and the result is a feeding frenzy to obtain ill-gotten gains!
Financially abused elders, are susceptible to exploitation for numerous reasons. They are often frail, and the predators assume that frail victims will not survive long enough to follow through on legal interventions, or that they will not make convincing witnesses. Severely impaired individuals are also less likely to take action against their abusers, as a result of illness or embarrassment. The elderly are likely to have disabilities that make them dependent on others for help. These "helpers" or new “best friends” may have access to homes and assets, and may exercise significant influence over the older person. Many elderly people are not financially sophisticated or are unfamiliar with modern technology involving money management.
Family and friends may prey on the elderly. Statistically, ninety (90%) percent of abusers are family members or trusted others! A younger family member might fear that the older family member will get sick and use up savings, depriving the abuser of an inheritance. Or, the abuse is rationalized, believing that the predator stands to inherit assets, and thus feels justified in taking what is thought to be "almost" or "rightfully" due. Then there are the family members who have negative feelings toward siblings or other family members whom they want to prevent from acquiring or inheriting the older person's assets. Or, friends and family who have had a negative relationship with the older person feel a sense of "entitlement." And, certainly, there are close relations who have substance abuse, gambling, or financial problems, which tempt them to defraud and financially abuse the elderly family member.[ii]
What happens when an elderly person is financially abused? The devastation is deep, broad, and painful. These are some typical outcomes: loss of trust in others; loss of security; depression; feelings of fear, shame, guilt, anger, self-doubt, remorse, worthlessness; financial destitution; inability to replace lost assets through employment; inability to hire an attorney to pursue legal protections and remedies; becoming reliant on government ‘safety net’ programs; inability to provide for long term care needs; and, loss of the primary residence.[iii]
Regulatory Responses
For many years, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) has kept track of very specific instances of elder abuse relating, for instance, to mortgage fraud. Importantly, it issues periodic advisories that offer statistics as well as outlines of new scams. My firm monitors FinCEN’s statistics and issuances, and we provide the findings in our newsletters, articles, and compliance alerts, and we place relevant documents and issuances in our website library.[iv]
It is important to mention that elder financial abuse includes the Red Flags associated with identity theft. Therefore, the twenty-six Red Flags offered in the Interagency Guidance, through the Federal Trade Commission, are a resource.[v]
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau uses its Office of Financial Protection for Older Americans to provide information and tools to avoid the financial exploitation of the elderly. Additionally, the agency has been carefully considering regulatory ways and means to curtail such financial abuse. Indeed, it has moved to the forefront in developing strategies to communicate that the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”) does not prohibit companies from reporting suspected elder financial exploitation, which I will discuss in some detail in the following section.[vi]
In this article, I will outline how the GLBA furthers the protection of the elderly from financial abuse. I will also provide an outline of some Red Flags as well as ways to increase public awareness about elder financial abuse. Understanding the ways and means available to provide consumer financial protection will help to end the plundering of the elderly.
Using the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
On September 24, 2013, certain federal regulatory agencies issued guidance (“Guidance”) to clarify that the privacy provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”) generally permit financial institutions to report suspected elder financial abuse to appropriate authorities.[vii] Because the GLBA’s privacy provisions generally require a financial institution to notify consumers and give them an opportunity to opt out before providing nonpublic personal information to a third party, the Guidance seeks to clarify that it is generally acceptable under the law for financial institutions to report suspected elder financial abuse to appropriate local, state or federal agencies.
The federal agencies that have collaborated to issue the clarification Guidance, entitled Interagency Guidance on Privacy Laws and Reporting Financial Abuse of Older Adults, are the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”, issuing as Staff Guidance), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), National Credit Union Administration (“NCUA”), Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The purpose of the issuance is to provide guidance to financial institutions with respect to clarifying the applicability of privacy provisions of the GLBA, specifically regarding the reporting of suspected financial exploitation of older adults.
Tuesday, March 12, 2013
Social Media Compliance: Frequently Asked Questions
Tuesday, February 5, 2013
Social Media and Networking Compliance
Monday, October 17, 2011
CFPB Issues Supervision and Examination Manual
- Directory: All Sections
- Contents: Links to Compendium Text
- Contents: Links to CFPB Website Text
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Version 1.0
Announcement
Friday, January 21, 2011
Privacy & GLBA: Model Forms
On January 12, 2011, the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) published information intended to help small thrifts comply with the obligation to send initial and annual privacy notices to their customers. The agency's Small Entity Compliance Guide for the Model Privacy Notice is aimed at helping small thrifts use the model privacy notice form established by the bank and thrift regulatory agencies in December 2009. Proper use of the model forms provides a safe harbor for compliance with the privacy notice duties.
On December 1, 2009, the agencies published the final rule relating to the model privacy notice. Financial institutions that elect to use the model privacy form may rely on the model privacy form as a safe harbor to comply with the GLBA disclosure requirements.
The effective date of the amendments was December 31, 2009, except for the amendments eliminating the sample clauses and associated guidance, which become effective for notices sent after December 31, 2010.
Timing and Safe Harbor
A model privacy form that meets the privacy regulations' notice content requirements, which institutions may voluntarily rely on as a safe harbor in providing privacy notices as of December 31, 2009, appears in Appendix A to the regulations.
[Sample clauses also relating to the privacy regulations' notice content requirements, applicable in connection with privacy notices provided on or before December 31, 2010, appear in Appendix B to the regulation through December 31, 2011 (and thereafter will be deleted).]
The regulatory agencies have created an on-line form builder that thrifts can use to develop customized versions of the model notices. Although all financial institutions may model forms, they are not required to do so. Other forms, including those that rely on the sample clauses that will be replaced by the model forms, can be used if they comply with the notice requirements. However, only using the model forms will provide a safe harbor after December 31, 2010.
Privacy Notice - Form Requirements
The model privacy form has several versions:
1. If opt out is provided and include affiliate marketing.
2. If opt out is provided and do not include affiliate marketing.
3. If opt out is not provided and include affiliate marketing.
4. If opt out is not provided and do not include affiliate marketing.
5. If opt out is provided and include affiliate marketing, and mail-back form.
6. If opt out is provided and do not include affiliate marketing, and mail-back form.
To prevent identity theft, institutions should use a truncated form of an account number other than a Social Security Number on privacy notices.
Specific disclosure requirements are mandatory, if a financial institution wants to customize the privacy notice. However, the following features are permitted:
- Print the form on both sides of a single sheet of paper (or on two pages)
- Incorporate the form in another document or with other notices, and include additional documents or information so long as the form is presented in a clear and conspicuous manner
- Provide a single form jointly with other affiliated institutions (including affiliated institutions regulated by different agencies), as long as each institution is clearly identified in the correct space of the form
- Include color and logos to create visual interest, provided they do not interfere with the readability of the form
- Use different sizes of paper, provided the paper is large enough to meet the minimum 10-point font size and provide sufficient white space around the model form text
- Include certain information on state and international privacy law in the blank spaces provided
- Include a mail-in version of the opt-out form as described in the rule
- Translate the form into languages other than English
Online Form Builder - Quick Links
On April 15, 2010, the Agencies released an Online Form Builder that financial institutions can download and use to develop and print customized versions of the model consumer privacy notice.
The Online Form Builder, based on the model form regulation published in the Federal Register on December 1, 2009, under the GLB Act, is available with several options. Easy-to-follow instructions for the form builder guide an institution to select the version of the model form that fits its practices.
QUICK LINKS